Value of Statistics
 An Introduction to Basic Statistics
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| Preface Background The Nature and Testing of Theories What a Theory Means in Science Testing and Validating Theories Differences Between the Biological and Physical Sciences The Use of Control Groups in Biology Experiments Finding Mathematical Relationships in Physics Experiments Graphical Analysis of Data Finding Functional Relationships in Physics Cartesian Graphs Log-Log Plots Semi-Log Plots Other Techniques for Linearizing Data Expressing a Number and its Uncertainty Reporting the Best Representation of a Series of Measurements Reporting the Standard Deviation of a Sequence of Measurements Summary of Reporting a Measurement and its Uncertainty An Example of Reporting a Measurement Properly Quantitative Discussions of Errors Scientific Notation, Significant Figures, and Roundoff Scientific Notation Precision and Roundoff Propagation of Errors in Calculations Adding and Subtracting Numbers Containing Uncertainties Multiplying and Dividing Numbers With Uncertainties Raising a Number to a Power Raising e to b(x x) Raising Another Base to the x Power The Logarithm of x Summary of Propagation of Errors Example Problems The Behaviors of Experimental Uncertainties Histograms The Gaussian or "Bell-Shaped" Normal Distribution Populations and Samples The Mean and Deviation of the Mean How Well Does the Sample Mean, , Estimate for the Population? An Example of Elementary Hypothesis Testing "Small" N and Student's t-Distribution Linear Regression Derivation of the Linear Regression Formulas The Correlation Coefficient Summary of Linear Regression Results |
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