SURVEYING 452 - GEODESY 1

GEODESY 1/SURE 452
Winter 2003/04 (4 Credit Hours)

Instructor:	Robert Burtch
Office (room number/building):	Johnson Hall 304
Office Phone:	591-2634
Office Hours:	M 10:00-10:50, W 10:00-10:50, W 3:00-3:50, F 10:00-10:50
E-Mail:	robert_c_burtch@ferris.edu

PREREQUISITE COURSES/SPECIAL SKILLS: SURE 230, SURE 372

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

This course deals with ellipsoidal geometry, direct and inverse geodetic problems, geodetic datums, coordinate systems, deflections of vertical, celestial sphere, astronomical triangle and its solution, different time systems, determination of astronomical azimuth and Laplace's equation. The problem of projecting the earth's surface to a plane and different developable surfaces are introduced. The basic properties and characteristics of most common map projections are included.

COURSE OBJECTIVE/FOCUS:

The objective of this course is to give the student an introduction to the principles of geodesy, particularly geometric geodesy, astronomic geodesy and principles of map projections.

COURSE SCHEDULE:

Week 1 Jan 12 - Jan 16	Introduction: History of geodesy (PowerPoint slides) and basic principles of geodesy (Notes on Geometry of Sphere)
Week 2 Jan 19 - Jan 23 (No class 1/19)	Geometry of the ellipsoid including the position of a point on the ellipsoid , lines on the ellipsoid, normal section and chord, and the geodesic (Notes on meridian ellipse; DoD World Geodetic System - WGS)
Week 3 Jan 26 - Jan 30	Computation on the ellipsoid: meridian arc, geodesic of the ellipsoid, isometric and reduced latitudes, differential equations of the geodesic
Week 4 Feb 2 - Feb 6	Computation on the ellipsoid: direct and inverse problem [Basic Notes, Gauss Mid-Latitude formula (Direct Example and Inverse Example), Puissant formula (Direct and Inverse), Bowring method (Notes, Direct Example and Inverse Example), and Sodano (Notes)]
Week 5 Feb 9 - Feb 13	Mid-Term Exam 1 - Feb. 11 Geodetic to Cartesian transformation [Hirvonen & Moritz Method (Notes, Example, Example using Torge's iterative method), Bowring Method (Notes, Example), Heikkinen Method (Notes), Borkowski Method (Notes, Example), Lin and Wang Method (Notes)], Projection method of computation: parameters for establishing the ellipsoidal datum GRS 80, size and shape of ellipsoid, local and global best fitting ellipsoids, projection of observations onto a reference ellipsoid (distances, angles and directions, azimuths)
Week 6 Feb 16 - Feb 20	Basic astronomy: Celestial sphere, basic terminology, solution of the astronomical triangle, apparent motion of stars.
Week 7 Feb 23 - Feb 27	Astronomical coordinates: horizon system, right ascension and declination system, hour angle system, ecliptic system. Motion of the earth, stars and sun: earth's orbit around the sun, sun's apparent motion, right ascension and declination of sun, sun's apparent path on the celestial sphere, variation in right ascension and declination of stars, star catalogs, mean and apparent places
Week 8 Mar 1 - Mar 5	Time systems: mean solar time, equation of time, system of time measurements, LST, LMT, GMT, time transformations, timepieces, radio time signals (Time and Time Frequency Standards)
Mar 8 - Mar 12	Spring Break
Week 9 Mar 15 - Mar 19	Mid-Term Exam 2 - March 17 Corrections to observations: parallax and refraction, vertical collimation, correction to azimuth due to inclination of trunnion axis, preparation for observations, location of objects on the celestial sphere.
Week 10 Mar 22 - Mar 26	Determination of azimuth: by observing a circumpolar star near elongation, by observing the altitude and horizontal angle of the sun or a star, by ex-meridian observation of the sun or star by angle method, by time of observation upon a close circumpolar star. (Example Solar reduction)
Week 11 Mar 29 - Apr 2	Gaussian Fundamental Quantities (on ellipse, sphere, cone or cylinder), theory of distortions (Tissot Indicatrix, directional distortion, length distortion, area distortion) (Notes, Gauss Fundamental Quantities, pp 1-5, 6-9; Tissot Indricatrix, pp 1-4, 5-8, 9-12)
Week 12 Apr 5 - Apr 9 (No Classes Apr 8 and 9)	Mid-Term Exam 3, April 7. Fundamental methods of map projections: Basic properties, conic projections, cylindrical projections
Week 13 Apr 12 - Apr 16	Fundamental methods of map projections: emphasis on conformal projections: Lambert, Transverse Mercator, and Universal Transverse Mercator. (State Plane Coordinate System of 1983 NOAA Manual NOS NGS5; The State Cordianate Systems - A Manual for Surveyors, USC&GS Special Publication No. 235; Understanding the State Plane Coordinate Systems)
Week 14 Apr 19 - 23	Fundamental methods of map projections: conic projections (true conic, simple true conic, conformal conic), pseudo-conic projection, cylindrical projections (normal cylindrical, conformal, equal area and central cylindrical projections), azimuthal projections (oblique gnomic, normal gnomic), stereographic projection, and orthographic projection
Week 15 Apr 26 - 30	Fundamental methods of map projections continued
Week 16	Final Exam

ASSIGNMENTS

All work will be due on the date specified. Late assignments will be assessed a penalty of 5% per day or fraction thereof. No assignments will be accepted after the unit exam in which the assignment was given. All work must be completed to receive a passing grade for this course. Each assignment will be submitted in a report folder that can be reused throughout the semester. A cover sheet will be included with each assignment that identifies the assignment, class, and student. See sample assignments that identify a format that will be followed in submitting homework assignment.

Lab reports will consist of a least 3 main parts:

Purpose of the lab written in your own words.
Procedure. In this section succinctly identify the procedures employed in the lab and your results.
Conclusion. This section will consist of a discussion of the lab in general and upon your results in particular. Such items of importance might be the validity of the lab, limitations of the results, possible sources of errors that might affect the results, items you might have done differently, special problems encountered, etc.

ATTENDANCE POLICY

I understand that each student may upon occasion need to be away from class due to illness or other important matters. The following policy recognizes these life issues but at the same time reflects the real world need to be present in class in order to learn and share your learning with others in the class.

Each student will be allowed to miss up to 4 lecture classes without penalty. These absences may be for any reason and do not require giving me an excuse. A student who is absent a fifth time will be required to withdraw from the course if this absence occurs during the withdrawal period of the semester. If this absence occurs after the withdrawal period the student will receive a failing (F) grade in the course. The four absences a student may have represents nearly 10% of the lecture meeting dates and far exceed any absence policy that would exist in business, industry or other professional areas. All laboratory absences must be made up during the semester.

Exceptions to the Attendance Policy (Verification of all exceptions is necessary):

A University-sponsored event in which an excused absence from the Vice President for Academic Affairs office is given.
Death of a family member or close personal relation (friends, neighbors).
Extended hospitalization (this does not apply to a visit to the health center because of a cold or other illness).
Jury duty or being subpoenaed to testify in a court case.
Dangerous weather conditions in which driving is considered by local authorities to be unsafe (for commuter students).

CLASS CONDUCT

It is essential that everyone in this class establish a mutual respect amongst each other in this class. Therefore, there are a few simple rules that you will be asked to adhere to, most of these can be defined as good manners. These rules are:

Class starts on the hour so please make every effort to arrive on time by planning ahead for any contingencies.
Class lasts for 50 minutes so do not begin to pack up your books and other items early. This is very distracting to me and your fellow students. You are expected to participate throughout the entire class period.
Turn off all cell phones, pagers, pda's and other electronic devices before class. If there are extenuating reasons, pleas see me.
During the lecture, feel free to ask questions, but refrain from conducting personal conversations. Again, this is very disruptive.
Sleeping, eating and reading newspapers are not allowed in class. While in class the student is expected to pay attention and participate in this class and not finish work for another class during this class periods.
Come to class prepared. Instructional material students should not be without include, as a minimum, writing material, computer disks and calculators.
Students are expected to check the web page for this course weekly and students are responsible for all material on this web page along with textbook and other readings.
When you leave the classroom, please pick up after yourself. Try to leave the room cleaner than when you found it.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA:

     60% from exams
     20% from term paper and speech
    20% from lab assignments and readings
    100% TOTAL

GRADING POLICIES:

    90 - 100%    - A Range
    80 - 89%     - B Range
    70 - 79%     - C Range
    60 - 69%     - D Range
      0 - 59%     - F Range

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:

This class represents a commitment of time and energy for both the faculty and student. It is expected that the student put in an additional 2-3 hours of work for every credit hour of this course. This number represents an average and not an absolute maximum threshold. This means that some students will have to put in even more time to learn the material presented in this course. Work schedules or other responsibilities do not represent acceptable exceptions to this obligation.

Term paper and speech requirements can be found here. All students must go to the Writing Center prior to submitting their term paper. The final term paper must be submitted on Monday, April 16, 2001. Each student will give a 5 minute presentation over the term paper topic in the lab period during the last week of classes.

Office hours have been listed above. Other hours can be arranged if necessary. If you have problems, please see me as soon as possible. Waiting until the end of the semester may be too late.

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